Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.

Avemar, the product of industrial fermentation of wheat germ, possesses unique cancer-fighting characteristics. Taken orally, Avemar can inhibit metastatic tumor dissemination and proliferation during and after chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation. Benefits of Avemar treatment have been shown in various human cancers, in cultures of in vitro grown cancer cells, in the prevention of chemical carcinogenesis, and also in some autoimmune conditions. This document reviews the clinical and experimental results obtained with this extract so far.
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New Cancer Research
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Natural anticancer immune response is based on the activity of the “cellular” immune system. Primary anticancer cellular im-mune response depends on the activity of the NK cells. If we consider the model of the immune system as an army, then the NK cells are the soldiers in the front lines. A low level of MHC-I (major histocompatibility complex) antigens enhances the activity of these cells. In other words, a cell that carries a high concentration of MHC-I on its surface should not be attacked by NK cells. This serves as the basis for one of the main survival strategies of the tumor cell: by enhancing the synthesis of MHC-I (tumorous upregulation), the cells effectively ‘camouflage’ themselves from NK cells.

The second line of action in natural anticancer immune response is found in the activity of the macrophages (mononuclear phagocytes). Macrophages are present in every organ or tissue. Their main activity is phagocytosis and the production of biologically active molecules (free radicals, cytokines). TNFa (tumor necrosis factor alpha) is the most important cytokine produced by the macrophages and also plays an important role in local inflammatory and adhesion processes. What is more, TNFa can destroy tumor cells both directly (by inducing apoptosis or by producing free radicals) and indirectly (by inhibiting tumorous angiogenesis or by enhancing other cellular anti-tumor processes). In order to activate their own anti-tumor capabilities, macrophages need to reach and then pe-netrate into the tumor. They fulfill this by circulating through blood vessels and by migrating from the vas-cular system. The leukocytes are aided by the protein ICAM-I, an intracellular ad-hesion molecule, (CD54), which helps them cross the vessel wall and also to trans-port them to their target. Once a cancerous tumor reaches a size of 1mm3, it begins the intensive process of building up its own vas-cular system (tumorous angiogenesis). Vessels grown in tumors are charac-terized by an almost complete lack of ICAM-I.
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